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Item
Name of Item:	Brush Farm
Other Name/s:	Home for Boys, Eastwood Home for Mothers and Babies, Brush Farm Home for Mentally Deficient Children Brush Farm Girls' Home
Type of Item:	Complex / Group
Group/Collection:	Farming and Grazing
Category:	Homestead Complex
Location:	Lat:151.06681677 Long:-33.79305612
Primary Address:	Marsden Road, Eastwood, NSW 2122
Local Govt. Area:	Ryde
Property Description: Lot/Volume Code Lot/Volume Number Section Number Plan/Folio Code Plan/Folio Number LOT 1 - DP 800471 PART LOT 2 - DP 800471
All Addresses
Street Address Suburb/Town LGA Parish County Type Marsden Road  Eastwood  Ryde  Hunters Hill  Cumberland  Primary  Lawson Street  Eastwood  Ryde  Hunters Hill  Cumberland  Alternate
Owner/s Organisation Name Owner Category Date Ownership Updated City of Ryde  Local Government  16 Mar 99
Statement of Significance	Brush Farm House is a rare, State significant example of an early Colonial mansion in the Ryde area. Built by prominent colonial figure Gregory Blaxland, it is indicative of his position and status within the colony. With his brother John, he was involved in a wide variety of agricultural pursuits and early agricultural experimentation in the colony. Among innovations at Brush Farm was the establishment of the first vineyard in Australia, which has produced an award winning vintage by the 1820s. The house reflects the changing fortunes of the family and fashions of the 19th century, with significant additions following Blaxland's successes in the 1830s and the 'Victorianisation'' of the building by Blaxland's grandson William Forster in the late 19th century. Forster was a prominent figure in NSW politics, briefly serving as Premier of NSW for five months in 1859-1860 and serving in various capacities in Parliament until his death in 1882. The conversion of the building to the Carpentarian Boys Academy in 1894 reflects the changing social attitudes towards orphaned children. The academy was established to train boys in useful agricultural skills and trades, to prepare them for their adult life. When the academy relocated to Mount Penang c1912, the site was given over to a variety of Government run institutions, including a home for single mothers and later for delinquent girls. The majority of these institutional phases were reflected in outbuildings which were demolished for the construction of the Brush Farm Corrective Services Academy in the 1960s. Fabric remains from all periods of use, from the c1816 original core of the house through to the timber hall added in the institutional phases. While presently in poor condition, the building can be conserved to its c1901 state, retaining elements of all phases of use. (DPWS et al, 2001) A highly significant cultural and natural landscape resource exists beyond the building of Brush Farm House which includes rare remnant vineyard terracing of exceptional national heritage significance (particularly in coincidence with a largely intact early homestead); remnant Wianamatta Shale-based rainforest which is rare in the Northern Sydney district; areas of wet sclerophyll forest which are identified as an endangered ecological community under the Threatened Species Conservation Act; a potentially significant archaeological resource extending to the Department of Corrective Services Site (to the north and northeast), Lawson Street (south), and Brush Farm Park (south) which has the capacity to demonstrate important aspects of the development of the former estate from the 1810s to the present; and remnant view connections between Brush Farm House and the Parramatta River and its environs as well as the Parramatta district and the Blue Mountains. (Britton et al, 2004) Brush Farm has historic significance for its associations with Gregory Blaxland, explorer and viticulturist, and its place in the development of an Australian wine industry. Blaxland imported grape vines in 1805 and, after many setbacks, produced tolerable wine in 1816 from Brush Farm. The Royal Society of Arts in London awarded its silver medal to Blaxland in 1823 for his colonial wine and in 1828 he received its gold medal. Blaxland's vines, from cuttings from the Cape of Good Hope, covered 3.5acres of his farm Brush Farm. (Liston, 1981) Gregory Blaxland's vineyard was once described as the finest in the colony (Everett, 2004, rephrased). Date Significance Updated: 06 Sep 07 Note: There are incomplete details for a number of items listed in NSW. The Heritage Branch intends to develop or upgrade statements of significance and other information for these items as resources become available.
Description
Construction Years:	1794 - 1894
Modifications and Dates:	4/7/6 update: The restoration program for Brush Farm House commenced in December 2004 Key milestones achieved: Tanner Architects an other consultants engaged in February 2005 to undertak design documentation works Stakeholder workshop in March 2005 Statutory approvals and detail design documentation complete December 2005 Tender for conservation and adaptation work awarded in April 2006 to Sydney Building Projects Pty Ltd Conservation and adaptation works commenced in May 2006 Successful in receiving a grant of $500,000 under the National Heritage Investment Initiative Program from the Australian Government Progress Phase 1 works (west wing, central wing, new roof over the entire building, rear verandah, front verandah and balcony) commenced on 1 May 2006 and due for completion by February 2007 The contractor made good progress over the last 9 weeks. Works completed include: Temporary fencing, temporary toilets Demolition works, excavation works, stripping of floor boards Repair and reconstruction of the floor structure in both the first floor and ground floor and roof structure Installation of partitions for toilets on ground floor Installation of the new sewer line Construction of the footings and brick walls for the rear verandah Archaeological investigations - Internal completed and external in progress. No archaeological remains found to date Works to commence over the coming weeks include: Construction of toilets on ground and first floor Construction of new stairs and rear verandah, Installation of hydraulic services, mechanical services and electrical services Erection of scaffolding for roof replacement Council has resolved, with the approval of $500,000 grant from the Federal Government, to complete the whole building. Phase 2 works (East wing and Hall) will be completed by April 2007. Use of basement and cellar area to be investigated Use of remaining space in the first floor and ground floor to be investigated Unused old building materials of historic value will be retained
Further Information:	6/2006: $500,000 approved for works: extensive repairs, restoration and stabilisation to the fabric and structure of the building, to address its seriously deteriorated state. ( www.deh.gov.au/minister/env/2006/mr22jun06.html )
Former Use:	farm house and estate, vineyard, signal station, reformatory & training centre
History
Historical Notes:	Early European accounts of settlement in the Ryde area would indicate that the area on the northern side of the Parramatta River extending from Sydney Cove to Parramatta was that of the Wallumedegal, the territory of the Wallumede people, with the Aboriginal name Wallumetta. The Wallumedegal clan is thought to have been a clan of the Dharug speaking area. (Musecape, 2006, 9). The Ryde area was highly suitable for farming and orchards, and early grants to marines were given by Governor Phillip to encourage agriculture. The military association with the area prompted Phillip to name it 'Field of Mars', a reference to the Roman God of war (Musecape, 2006, 9). In 1792 land in the area was granted to 8 marines; two of the grants were in the modern area of Ryde. Isaac Archer and John Colethread each received 80 acres of land on the site of the present Ryde-Parramatta Golf Links, now in West Ryde. Later in 1792, in the Eastern Farms area, 12 grants, most of them about 30 acres, were made to convicts. Much later these farms were bought by John Macarthur, Gregory Blaxland and the Reverend Samuel Marsden. The district remained an important orchard area throughout the 19th century (Pollen, 1996) Brush Farm was part of a land grant made in 1794 (in two adjoining lots, one (north) to Zadoc Pettit, the other (south) to Thomas Bride, both privates in the NSW Corps) which was acquired by William Cox in 1801-3, adding them to adjoining property to consolidate his land holdings an estate of over 500 acres, named Brush Farm. Misuse of regimental funds saw Cox deported to England and his estate transferred to a number of prominent local citizens who acted as Cox's trustees and administered the sale of his property (Musecape, 2006, 9). 455 acres of Cox's estate was acquired by D'Arcy Wentworth in 1805 and then by Gregory Blaxland in 1807 (Musecape, 2006, 9). Blaxland was a free settler who arrived in 1806 from Kent, where his family had lived since St.Augustine's time, on an estate called 'Newington'. Gregory was less sociable than his brother John, who arrived in the colony in 1807 (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1813 Blaxland, in company with William Lawson and William Charles Wentworth, made the first successful crossing of the Blue Mountains by European settlers (Musecape, 2006, 9). Gregory Blaxland built Brush Farm house (the second on the farm, the first being a more modest structure down the gully to the west of the current Brush Farm house) in 1820 (Blaxcell, G., pers.comm., 2006). A shale mine/quarry on the farm probably produced cement mortar used in construction of the house. The central core of the house was built c.1819-20, east and west wings added during the 1820s with stables and outbuildings, landscaped grounds with a carriage loop (Musecape, 2006, 10). He set about creating the estate as an agricultural enterprise and by 1817, was successfully producing meat and livestock; and had established a distillery for the production of wine and vinegar. Blaxland was a founding member of the first (later the Royal) Agricultural Society of NSW, his name being recorded on a board in the Society's headquarters. He introduced buffalo grass (Cynodon dactylon) into the colony, a valuable grass for cattle fodder (and as an ornamental turf, retaining its green in both hot summers and winters, when many tropical grasses die off (McClymont, 2008, scribed by and pers.comm., Stuart Read). He also grew hops for the burgeoning brewing of beer (Blaxel, G., pers.comm., 20/5/09). Blaxland imported grape vines in 1805 and, after many setbacks, produced tolerable wine in 1816 from Brush Farm at Ryde. Blaxland's vines, from cuttings from the Cape of Good Hope, covered 3.5acres of his farm Brush Farm. (Liston, 1981). In 1821 Blaxland had three and a half acres under vines at Brush Farm (Morris, C., pers. comm., 25/2/2005). Blaxland had been sending Macquarie wine made on the estate from 1816 (Blaxel, G., pers.comm., 20/5/09). In 1822 Blaxland took a quantity of wine to the Royal Society of Arts in England where it was awarded a silver medal in 1823 as the finest wine to have been produced in NSW at the time. Five years later he did the same and his wine won a gold medal. Blaxland's Brush Farm was once considered the finest vineyard in the colony. Robert Townson's Varroville estate at Minto was once described as 'the finest orchard in the colony and a vineyard second only to Gregory Blaxland's' (Everett, 2004). The gully south of the present Lawson Street and the house had a school building, a barn, later a stables. Further down the gully was an orchard. Small vineyards were located in two separate gullies, one to the west (Dundas) of the house (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1829 the signal station and One Tree Hill was discontinued. This was understood from official correspondence to have been located on Blaxland's land c.1826 (Musecape, 2006, 9-10). A signal station operated from the property to Gregory's brother John Blaxland's farm at Newington, Silverwater, across the Parramatta River. This was one of a system of signal stations along the Harbour and River promontories and high points (Musecape, 2006, 10). Early photographs of Brush Farm show a clear view to the Parramatta River from the house (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1831 Blaxland moved out and sold it to his son-in-law, Dr Thomas Foster (a surgeon on the British Army) for 1500 pounds. Between 1831-5 the property was listed as One Tree Hill in the NSW Calendar and GPO Directory (Musecape, 2006, 10). In 1844 the property was leased to William Foster (son) for 40 years. On Thomas' death in 1856, the estate passed to William who in 1859, became Premier of NSW. In 1881 the property was mortgaged to Lancelot Trekeld and John Bennett, and the estate was subsequently subdivided and portions sold between 1882-6. (Musecape, 2006, 10). John Bennet developed Rosehill Racecourse and the railway line between Clyde and Rose Hill. He acquired Brush Farm (then a large amount of land) seeing an opportunity, owing to its proximity to the Northern Railway Line (from Strathfield to Hornsby) and particularly to that line's Eastwood station (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). Bennett's wife Emma acquired that portion which contained the house and outbuildings. A number of alterations were made to the house at this time, including the front verandah (Musecape, 2006, 10). Around 1883 the Victorian-era extensions were added to the house. The subdivision of the estate began about this time (Blaxcell, G., pers.comm., 2006). Also at this time the carriage loop south of the house was prominent in photographs of the estate, with a c.30 cm raised rim, made of stone (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1894 Emma Bennett leased her portion to the Crown: it is thought to have been occupied at this time by the State Children's Relief Board and operated as the Carpentarian Reformatory for Boys. (Musecape, 2006, 10). It was used for boys formerly held on the 'Sabronne' a ship used to house wayward and homeless boys, moored at Cockatoo Island. The boys brought their hammocks off the ship to Brush Farm. They were trained in mariners' skills, agriculture, farming, and tin smithing and blacksmithing. The Carpentarian Reformatory's name was after Margaret Carpenter an English woman well known for her care for children (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1904 the property was resumed by the State Government and continued to be used as a reformatory for boys until 1913 when the facility (Farm Home for Boys) was transferred to Mount Penang near Gosford)(Musecape, 2006, 10). In the meantime the rest of the Bennett family land holdings in the area were subdivided and sold leaving about 1000 square metres of land around Brush Farm House (cf an original 455 acres). After the boys left the property was used for wayward girls from c.1911, with the transfer of the boys taking a few years and the transfer of the girls similarly over time (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1918 the Eastwood Home for Mothers and Babies opened at Brush Farm and operated until 1921 when the complex became the Brush Farm Home for Mentally Deficient Children, and subsequently Brush Farm Home in 1946 (Musecape, 2006, 10). Community bush regeneration of the gullies to the south of Brush Farm House (on the former estate) has been ongoing since the 1970s (Musecape, 2006, 10). In the later 20th century the Department of Youth and Community Services' era, the garden was less intensively managed and cared for, and the carriage loop south of the house was grassed over and obscured (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). In 1988 the property was transferred to the Department of Corrective Services and as the Brush Farm Corrective Services Academy, offering training for corrections officers. Under their ownership, original features including the carriage loop, stables...were removed and new buildings erected adjacent to the house. This facility, now known as the Ray Aston Corrective Services Academy continues to operate as a training academy (Musecape, 2006, 10). In 1990 the land (Brush Farm house and present curtilage) was bought by Ryde City Council. In 1999 the property was listed on the State Heritage Register. In 2003 it was listed on Ryde Local Environmental Plan 105. In 2005 Ryde City Council commenced a major heritage restoration programme of works on Brush Farm House as a community venue (Musecape, 2006, 11). The house was officially opened on 7th April 2007. Council intend to use the building as a centre for cultural and community events, including art exhibitions, meetings and wedding functions (McClymont, 2008, scribed by Stuart Read). The stands of timber and grasslands in the surrounding parks are remnants of Brush Farm Park. (Blaxcell, G., pers.comm., 2006).
Historic Themes
Australian Theme (abbrev) New South Wales Theme Local Theme 2. Peopling - Peopling the continent Convict - Activities relating to incarceration, transport, reform, accommodation and working during the convict period in NSW (1788-1850) - does not include activities associated with the conviction of persons in NSW that are unrelated to the imperial 'convict system': use the theme of Law & Order for such activities Working on private assignment - 3. Economy - Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Growing vines and maintaining vineyards - 3. Economy - Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Clearing land for farming - 3. Economy - Developing local, regional and national economies Agriculture - Activities relating to the cultivation and rearing of plant and animal species, usually for commercial purposes, can include aquaculture Hop cultivation for brewing beer - 3. Economy - Developing local, regional and national economies Communication - Activities relating to the creation and conveyance of information Communicating by signals - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing ordinary families - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Housing for farm and station hands - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Accommodation - Activities associated with the provision of accommodation, and particular types of accommodation – does not include architectural styles – use the theme of Creative Endeavour for such activities. Gentlemens Villas - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Resuming private lands for public purposes - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Granting Crown lands for private farming - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Naming places (toponymy) - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Land tenure - Activities and processes for identifying forms of ownership and occupancy of land and water, both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal Sub-division of large estates - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Country Villa - 4. Settlement - Building settlements, towns and cities Towns, suburbs and villages - Activities associated with creating, planning and managing urban functions, landscapes and lifestyles in towns, suburbs and villages Rural estates - 7. Governing - Governing Government and Administration - Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - administering a public health system - 7. Governing - Governing Government and Administration - Activities associated with the governance of local areas, regions, the State and the nation, and the administration of public programs - includes both principled and corrupt activities. Developing roles for government - providing health care facilities - 7. Governing - Governing Welfare - Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations Rehabilitation of juvenile offenders - 7. Governing - Governing Welfare - Activities and process associated with the provision of social services by the state or philanthropic organisations Providing natal care for illegitimate children - 8. Culture - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Building in response to natural landscape features. - 8. Culture - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Architectural styles and periods - colonial homestead - 8. Culture - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - Victorian period - 8. Culture - Developing cultural institutions and ways of life Creative endeavour - Activities associated with the production and performance of literary, artistic, architectural and other imaginative, interpretive or inventive works; and/or associated with the production and expression of cultural phenomena; and/or environments that have inspired such creative activities. Landscaping - colonial period - 9. Phases of Life - Marking the phases of life Persons - Activities of, and associations with, identifiable individuals, families and communal groups Associations with Gregory Blaxland, explorer and viticulturist -
Assessment Criteria	Items are assessed against the State Heritage Register (SHR) Criteria to determine the level of significance. Refer to the Listings below for the level of statutory protection.
Recommended Management	Curtilage needs review to include Brush Farm Park south of Lawson Street, and elements of the farm estate further south, including archaeological elements, former fencing, exotic (and native) plantings (Read, S., 2005)
Recommendations
Management Category Description Date Updated Recommended Management  Review a Conservation Management Plan (CMP)    Recommended Management  Produce an Archaeological Management Plan (AMP)    Recommended Management  Carry out interpretation, promotion and/or education
Procedures /Exemptions
Section of Act Description Title Comments Action Date 57(2)  Exemption to allow work  Heritage Act  See File For Schedule Order Under Section 57(2) to exempt the following activities from Section 57(1): (1) The maintenance of any building or item on the site where maintenance means the continuous protective care of existing material.  Jan 27 1989   21(1)(b)  Conservation Plan submitted for endorsement  Brush Farm House Conservation Management Plan, prepared by DPWS Heritage Design Services for City of Ryde, dated November 2001.  CMP endorsed by Heritage Council 6 July 2004 for a period of five years, expires 6 July 2009; subject to the following matters being addressed to the satisfaction of the Director of the Heritage Office: (1) report on the Landscape & Archaeology Study of the former Brush Farm Estate being submitted to the Heritage Council as an annexure to the CMP; & (2) Revision of the Statement of Significance to include the findings of the above report.  Jul 6 2004   57(2)  Exemption to allow work  Standard Exemptions  SCHEDULE OF STANDARD EXEMPTIONS HERITAGE ACT 1977 Notice of Order Under Section 57 (2) of the Heritage Act 1977 I, the Minister for Planning, pursuant to subsection 57(2) of the Heritage Act 1977, on the recommendation of the Heritage Council of New South Wales, do by this Order: 1. revoke the Schedule of Exemptions to subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act made under subsection 57(2) and published in the Government Gazette on 22 February 2008; and 2. grant standard exemptions from subsection 57(1) of the Heritage Act 1977, described in the Schedule attached. FRANK SARTOR Minister for Planning Sydney, 11 July 2008 To view the schedule click on the Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval link below.  Sep 5 2008
	Standard Exemptions for Works Requiring Heritage Council Approval
Listings
Heritage Listing Listing Title Listing Number Gazette Date Gazette Number Gazette Page Heritage Act - State Heritage Register    00612  02 Apr 99   27  1546  Heritage Act - Under consideration for SHR/IHO listing  Heritage Office proposes expansion of curtilage          Heritage Act - Nomination Deferred      16 Dec 08       Heritage Act - Permanent Conservation Order - former    00612  27 Jan 89   10    Local Environmental Plan  Brush Farm & Brush Farm Park  LEP 105  17 Jan 03   14    Cumberland County Council list of Historic Buildings 1961-67            National Trust of Australia register   Brush Farm Children's Home  6863        Register of the National Estate  Brush Farm House  2974  21 Mar 78
Study Details
Title Year Number Author Inspected by Guidelines Used Colonial Landscapes of the Cumberland Plain and Camden, NSW  2000    NSW Heritage Office    Yes
References, Internet links & Images
Type Author Year Title Internet Links Written  McClymont, Beverly  2008  Brush Farm House revived and conserved - from decaying pile to gallery  Written  Casey & Lowe Archaeology and Heritage  2007  Brush Farm House Results of Archaeological Monitoring and Testing- April 07  Tourism    2007  Brush Farm  Click here Tourism  Attraction Homepage  2007  Brush Farm  Click here Written  Tanner Architects.  2007  Brush Farm house, Eastwood : archival photographic recording  Written  Council of the City of Ryde  2007  Brush Farm park and Lambert park : plan of management  Written  Margaret Betteridge on behalf of Musecape P/L  2006  Brush Farm House Interpretive Plan - final draft  Written  Tanner Architects.  2005  Brush Farm house Lawson Street Eastwood : heritage impact statement  Written  Tanner Architects  2005  Heritage Impact Statement: Brush Farm House, Lawson Street, Eastwood  Written  City of Ryde  2005  Request for Expressions of Interest: Brush Farm House - Potential Partners  Written  Britton, G., Morris, C., and Lavelle, S.  2004  Brush Farm Landscape and Archaeology Assessment (final report December)  Written  Everett, David  2004  Frere's Vineyard - Vine Pedigree X, in Macarthur News  Written  Heritage Design Services, NSW Dept. of Public Works & Services  2001  Brush Farm house, Lawson Street, Eastwood: Conservation management plan  Written  Ryde City Council; NSW Dept. of Public Works & Services: Infrastructure Partnership Services  1998  Brush Farm House, Lawson Street, Eastwood workshop 23 July, 1998  Written  Pollen, Francis (ed.) & Healy, Gerald  1996  Ryde (entry) - in The Book of Sydney Suburbs  Written  Tropman & Tropman Architects  1993  Schedule of Stablilization Works - Brush Farm House, Marsden Road & Lawson St., Eastwood NSW  Written  Pac Rim Planning P/L with Robert Moore & Associates & Kylie Winkworth  1992  Brush Farm House, Ryde: Report on Conservation & Commercial Options  Written  Clive Lucas, Stapleton & Partners Architects  1991  Conservation Analysis & Draft Conservation Policy: Brush Farm House & Landscape, Vol.1 - Conservation Analysis  Written  Brush Farm Task Force  1991  Brush Farm Task Force Report to Council  Written  Thebridge, Mark; Beard, Graham  1989  Brush Farm conservation plan  Written  J.A. Broadbent and R. Buchanan  1984  Ecological Studies Brush Farm  Written  Jervis, James/ Ed. by George Mackaness  1961  Cradle city of Australia; a history of Parramatta, 1788-1961
Note: Internet links may be to web pages, documents or images.
(Click on Thumbnail for Full Size Image and Image Details)
Data Source
The information for this entry comes from the following source:
Name:	Heritage Branch
Database Number:	5045464
File Number:	S90/03590 & S91/01902 BF Park
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